Scientific journals are foundational to the modern research ecosystem. They are the primary formal medium by which empirical results, theoretical developments, and methodological advances are communicated and validated. Their relevance to innovation arises from their core functions: codifying and communicating new knowledge, facilitating systematic dissemination of original research. The peer review system is designed to ensure that claims are supported by evidence, that methods are described in sufficient detail to allow replication, and that conclusions flow logically from data, enabling other researchers to build upon validated findings rather than merely speculative claims. Chemical journals maintain high standards for experimental description (e.g., detailed synthetic procedures, analytical data, proof of structure), serving as gatekeepers and quality filters.

As a fallible process since its origins, peer review continues to be a widely debated aspect of modern science. Most scientists, if not all, are familiar with the infamous “reviewer #2” (R#2), synonymous with the “bad” reviewer, notorious for excessive or nonsensical demands. The internet is filled with jokes and sketches about R#2, and most readers have likely encountered a few. While it is not always R#2, this reviewer is often blamed and, interestingly, commonly perceived as male. Even the most diligent and competent reviewers have likely been labeled as R#2 at some point.

Planning, Inclusion, and Social Impact: these three concepts succinctly encapsulate the central challenges of the 2025-2028 quadrennium in the evaluation of Graduate Programs in Chemistry (GPC) conducted by CAPES. Over the past decades, the academic community has persistently advocated for an evaluative framework more attuned to the local and specific realities of each program-one less dependent on quantitative metrics and productivist paradigms.